Cardiovascular Health in Turner Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Girls and women with Turner syndrome face a lifelong struggle with both congenital heart disease and acquired cardiovascular conditions. Bicuspid aortic valve is common, and many have left-sided heart obstructive disease of varying severity, from hypoplastic left-sided heart syndrome to minimal aortic stenosis or coarctation of the aorta. Significant enlargement of the thoracic aorta may progress to catastrophic aortic dissection and rupture. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a variety of other cardiovascular conditions, including early-onset hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and s…